2008年10月19高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语（二）试卷及答案解析
2008年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语（二）试卷解析:
I．Vocabulary and Structure
1.
If you ____ in ignoring my instructions, I shall have to punish you.
A. exist
B. resiste
C. persist
D. insist
答案:
C 出自下册UNIT 15 （A）
2．Economics, student needs and our new understandings of how people learn are ____ to break the traditional education monopoly.
A. tempted
B. bound
C. obliged
D. determined
答案:
B 出自下册UNIT 15 （B）
3. I shall come to the meeting. I can’t stay till the end, _____.
A.though
B. somehow
C. therefore
D. otherwise
答案:
A 出自下册UNIT 3 （A）
4. They said he was _____ of holding public office, so they decided to deprive him of his post.
A. irrelevant
B. irresponsible
C. incapable
D. indifferent
答案:
C 出自下册UNIT 14 （B）
5. The sad condition of women working as domestics _____ much media attention.
A. received
B. perceived
C. inspected
D. suspected
答案:
A 出自下册UNIT4 （A）
6. The masses cannot ____ hunting, for very soon there would be no animals left to hunt.
A. go through
B. go in for
C. go over
D. go into
答案:
B 出自下册UNIT 13 （A）
7. Not until quited recently _____ that language was closely related to culture.
A. I realized
B. did realize I
C. realized I
D. did I realize
答案:
D 出自下册 语序
8. It is only recently________astronomers have begun specific research into black holes.
A when
B where
C that
D which
答案:
C 出自下册UNIT 2 （A）
9. Robots are programmed to take over such jobs _____ welding and painting.
A. for
B. like
C. of
D. as
答案:
D 出自下册UNIT 6（A）
10. Lots of dependent babies are ______ of a liability than numbers of the inactive aged.
A. better
B. more
C. larger
D. greater
答案:
B 出自下册UNIT 9 （A）
II. Cloze Test
Choise is the opportunity to select among alternatives. If there is no choise, there is no decision to be made. Decision __11__ is the process of choosing, and many decisions have a broad range of chlise. For example, a student __12__ be able to choose among a number of different courses in order to implement the decision to obtain a college degree. For manager, every decision has constraints based on policies, procedures, laws, precedents, and the __13__. These constraints exist __14__ all levels of the organization.
Alternatives are the possible couses of action __15__ choices can be made. If there are no alternatives, there is no choice and, therefore, __16__ decision. __17__ no alternatives are seen, often it means that a thorough job of examining the problems has not been done. For example, managers sometimes __18__ problems in an either/or fashion; this is their way of simplifying complex problems. But the tendency to __19__ blinds them to other alternatives.
At the managerial level, decision making includes limiting alternatives as well as identifying them, and the range is from highly limited __20__ practically unlimited.
11.
A. made
B. making
C. make
D. to make
12.
A. must
B. can
C. may
D. should
13.
A. similar
B. same
C. so on
D. like
14.
A. at
B. for
C. on
D. over
15.
A. among what
B. between them
C. of that
D. from which
16.
A. somewhat
B. some
C. no
D. any
17.
A. As
B. If
C. While
D. Though
18.
A. treat
B. meet
C. face
D. deal
19.
A. satisfy
B. simplify
C. identify
D. modify
20.
A. before
B. in
C. to
D. after
答案：BCDADCBABC 出自下UNIT 1(A)
Passage One
In recent years many companies of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more productive. Some experts claim the answer is to make jobs more varied. But do more varied jobs lead to greater productivity? There is evidence to suggest that while variety certainly makes the worker’s life more enjoyable, it does not actually make him work harder. As far as increasing productivity is concerned, variety is not an important factor.
Other experts feel that giving the worker freedom to do his job in his own way is important and there is no doubt that this is true. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modern factory with its complicated machines which must be used in a fixed way. Thus while freedom of choice may be important, there is usually very little that can be done to create it. Another important consideration is how much each worker contributes to the product he is making. In most factories the worker sees only one small part of the product. Some car factories are now experimenting with having many small production lines rather than one large one, so that each worker contributes more to the production of the cars on his line. It would seem that not only is the degree of workers’ contribution an important factor, therefore, but it is also one we can do something about.
To what extent does more money lead to greater productivity? The workers themselves certainly think this is important. But perhaps they want more money only because the work they do is so boring. Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more. A similar argument may explain demands for shorter working hours. Perhaps if we succeed in making their jobs more interesting, they will neither want more money, nor will shorter wirking hours be so important to them.
21. The passage is mainly about how to ____.
A. promote workers’ competition
B. meet worker’s need for variety
C. ensure workers’ right of choice
D. improve workers’ performance
22. According to the writer, variety enables a worker to _____.
A. derive more enjoyment from life
B. work in his own way more freely
C. fulfill his job requirements better
D. undertake greater responsibilities
23. We learn from the passage that freedom of choice _____.
A. can hardly function in a flexible manner
B. can hardly lead to increased productivity
C. is hardly seen as effective by companies
D. is hardly available in the modern factory
24. It can be inferred from the passage that, compared with large production lines, smaller ones give workers ____.
A. a greater variety of interesting tasks
B. a stronger sense of accomplishment
C. a better idea of the modern industry
D. a clearer picture of essential factors
25. According to the writer, higher pay can _____.
A. make tiring work more interesting
B. make up for longer working hours
C. help workers to live more happily
D. help to create greater procuctivity
答案：DADBC
Passage Two
We live in a technological society. Almost every aspect of life in the modern world is influenced
(for better or worse) by technology . Communications, transportation, manufacturing, mining and exploration, the service industries, medicine, agriculture all are dominated by methods and apparatus which are the results of technological advances. The basis of technology is science. without the fundamental discoveries and understanding provided by science, technology would be hit-or-miss(随意的) affair, lacking direction and making little progress. One can argue that our society is beginning to suffer from too much technology, but we will never return to the primitive life of our ancestors – technology is with us and it will remain with us.
Just as it is important to study history so that we can appreciate how the world came to its present state, it is important to learn some of the basic concepts of science so that we can appreciate the role that technology plays in modern society. For without some knowledge of the scientific principles by which technology operates, one can neighter cope with technology nor assist in directing it into the proper channels.
In recent times, we have had the general attitude that whatever is technologically possible should be done. It is now becoming increasingly apparent that our scientific and technological progress has outstripped (超越) our capacity to perform or absorb everything that is possible. More and more, we weill have decisions to make: in what directions should the thrust of our new discoveries be made? The situation requires that we make intelligent decisions – decisions based in a knowledge and an understanding of what can be done, what will be the benefits, and what weill be the comsequences. Scientists do not make these decisions; people make them. It is therefore incumbent (义不容辞的) on every individual to acquire the basic knowledge that weill permit him to participate intelligently in directing the course of our technological advancement.
26. According to the passage, technology can ____.
A. produce bad effects on society
B. suffer from hit-or-miss affairs
C. influence the course of science
D. restore life of the primitive age
27. According to the passage, one must learn basic concepts of science in order to ____.
A. assist in directing science in a proper way
B. contribute to the orientation of technology
C. discover the progress of science in history
D. find out about the existence of technology
28. Because the human capaity to perform or absorb everything that is possible has been outstripped, it is time for people to ____.
A. slow down the development of technology
B. reduce the role of science in modern times
C. take a new point of view about technology
D. reevaluate the lifestyle of human ancestors
29. According to the write, it is everyone’s responsibility to participate in deciding on ____.
A. how fast scientific advancement should be
B. how fast technological progress should be
C. what to acquire and what to skip in science
D. what to do and what to avoid in technology
30. The passage is mainly about _____.
A. the influence of technology on modern society
B. the importance of learning scientific principles
C. the imp;act of scientific progress on civilization
D. the difference between science and technology
答案：BCCDA
Passage Three
Since we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in large measure on out interpesonal relationships. One strength of the human condition is our tendency to give and receive support from one another under stressful circumstances. Social support consists of the exchange of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties. Those of us with strong support systems appear better able to cope with major life changes and daily problems. People with strong social ties live longer and have better health than those without such ties. Studies over a range of illnesses, from depression to heart disease, reveal that the presence of social support helps people fight off illness, and the absence of such support makes poor health more likely.
Social support cushions stress in a number of ways. First, friends, relatives, and co-workers may let us know that they value us. Our self-respect is strengthened when we feel accepted by others despite our faults and difficulites. Second, other people often provide us with informational support. They help us to define and understand our problems and find solutions to them. Third, we typically find social companionship supportive. Engaging in leisure-time activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time distracting us from our worries and troubles. Finally, other people may give us instrumental support – financial aid, material resources, and needed services – that reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope with our problems.
31. We learn from the passage that interpersonal relationships are important because _____.
A. they are essential to people’s social well-being.
B. they arouse people's desire for communication
C. they deal with problems in the informatoin era
D. they are effective in curing a range of diseases
32. Research shows that people's physical and mental health _____.
A. is related to stressful conditions
B. is related to support from others
C. relies on soical welfare systems
D. relies on the severity of diseases
33. The underlined word "cushions" (paragraph 2) most probably means ____.
A. adds up to
B. does away with
C. lessens the effect of
D. lays the foundation for
34. Social companionship is beneficial in that_____.
A. it enables people to eliminate their mistakes
B. it helps people to understand their problems
C. it adds a new meaning to people's social life
d. it creates a new focus of attention for people
35. Helping a sick neighbor with some repair work is an example of ____.
A. instrumental support
B. informational support
C. social companionship
D. increasing self-respect
答案：CBDBA
第二部分 非选择题
IV. Word Spelling
36. 增长，增加
v.
i_ _ _ _ _ _ _
37. 想象;料想
vt.
i_ _ _ _ _ _
38. 特征;相貌
n.
f_ _ _ _ _ _
39. 贵重的,有价值的
adj.
v_ _ _ _ _ _ _
40. 寂静;沉默
n.
s_ _ _ _ _ _
41. 散布,传播
v.
s_ _ _ _ _
42. 放松;缓和
n.
r_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
43. 暗示,含有...的意思
vt.
i_ _ _ _
44. 敏感的,灵敏的
adj.
s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
45. 护照
n.
p_ _ _ _ _ _ _
46. 感情,情绪
n.
s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
47. 批评的,紧要的
adj.
c_ _ _ _ _ _ _
48. 城市的,都市的
adj.
u_ _ _ _
49. 运输
vt.
t_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
50. 大约的,近似的
adj.
a_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
51. 追求;从事
vt.
p_ _ _ _ _
52. 替换;代替
n.
r_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
53. 装置;方法
n.
d_ _ _ _ _
54. 分开;部门
n.
d_ _ _ _ _ _ _
55. 停止,结束
v.
c_ _ _ _
答案：
36.increase (下UNINT6)37.imagine (上UNINT10) 38.feature
(上UNINT18)
39.valuable 40.silence 41.spread
42.relaxation (下UNINT7) 43.imply
(上UNINT15)44.sensitive
(下UNINT3)
45.passport (下UNINT4) 46.sentiment (下UNINT5)47.critical (下UNINT6)
48.urban
(下UNINT7) 49.transport (下UNINT8) 50.approximate (下UNINT9)
51.pursue
(下UNINT10) 52. replacement (下UNINT11)53.device
(下UNINT14)
54 division
(下UNINT13) 55.cease (下UNINT14)
V. Word Form
56. Picture yourself vividly as ___________(defeat) and that alone will make victory impossible.
答案：defeated 出自：下UNIT 12 (A)
57. The most _______________(convince) evidence of black holes comes from research into binary star systems.
答案：convincing 出自：下UNIT 2 (A)
58. _______________(affect) with a serious disease, van Wendel was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery.
答案：Affected 出自：下UNIT 3 (A)
59. It is not yet known whether robots ____________(have) vision as good as human vision one day.
答案：have 出自：下UNIT 6(A)
60. My family _______(be) loving and supportive. They are always ready to help me.
答案：are 出自：下 主谓一致
61. Their positive leisure attitudes are essential for ________(motivate) them to use their leisure in creative ways.
答案：motivating 出自：下UNIT 7 (A)
62. To these now familiar facts a number of further facts may be added, some of them only recently ____________(recognize).
答案：recognized 出自：下UNIT 9 (A)
63. If only he ___________________(take) my advice years ago.
答案：had taken 出自：下 虚拟语气续
64. In 1966-1967, the transformation in England __________ (lead) by the Beatles, who were already established as a fine rock group.
答案：was led 出自：下UNIT 5 (A)
65. Increasingly new technology is making it __________(easy) for us to find alternative methods of testing.
答案：easier 出自：下UNIT 9 (B)
VI. Translation from Chinese into English
66. 许多成功者在取得成功很久以前就曾梦想过他们的成功.
答案：Many successful people actually daydreamed their success and achievements long before they realized them. 出自：下UNIT 12 (A)
67. 任何想要理解未来工业的人都得了解机器人技术.
答案：Anyone wanting to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics. 出自：下UNIT 6 (A)
68. 我明天想做的就是呆在家里睡一天觉.
答案：What I want to do tomorrow is (to) stay home and sleep all day.出自：下UNIT 4 (B)
69. 在美国每四年举行一次总统大选.
答案：Presidential elections occur every 4 years in the United States.出自：下UNIT 10 (A)
70. 很难专心致志地干一件枯燥无味的事.
答案：It’s difficult to apply oneself to a boring task. 出自：下UNIT 13 (B)
VII. Translation from English into Chinese
71. The biggest single need in computer technology is not for increase speed, or enlarged capacity, or prolonged memory, or reduced size, but for better questions and better use of the answers. Without taking anything away from the technicians, we think it might be fruitful to effect some sort of junction between the computer technologist and the poet. A genuine purpose may be served by tuning loose the wonders of the creative imagination on the kinds of problems being put to electronic technology. The company of poets may enable the men who tend the machines to see a wider range of possibilities than technology alone may inspire.
A poet, said Aristotle, has the advantage of expressing the universal; the specialist expresses only the particular. The poet, moreover, can remind us that man's greatest energy comes not from his dynamos but from his dreams. But the quality of a man's dreams can only be a reflection of his subconscious. What he puts into his subconscious, therefore, is quite literally the most important nourishment in the world.
答案：
电脑技术最大的需求不是更快的速度，也不是更大的容量或者更长时间的记忆功能或者更小的体积，而是更好的解决问题，我们用电脑专家和诗人之间的关系会更有成果。
Aristotle说，一个诗人有表达总体的优点，专家有表达特征的优点，诗人会提醒我们人最大的能量不仅仅来自于他的肉体，而更加来自于他的梦想，但是，一个人的梦想的质量只是他的潜意识的一种反映，人们潜意识中的想法可以说是地球上最珍贵的营养品。
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