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2012年最新自考本科 00015英语 词汇、短语必复习

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发表于 2012-2-29 10:49:38 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
一、词  汇

考点词汇
  1.agree→disagree +(with sbsth)同意某人(事) to sth同意某事on sth就某事达成一致
  They agree onThey agreed on what time they would set out.
  他们就什么时间动身出发达成了一致。
  2.similar
  be ~ to 与…相似
  The two plans are similar but not the same.
  这两个计划相似但不相同。
  3.conclusion结论,推论
  常用短语:come to the ~ 得出结论
  draw a ~ from… 从…中得出结论
  4.succeed in
  The challenger succeeded in swimming across the Channel at last.
  最终挑战者成功地游过了英吉利海峡。
  5.instead  instead of
  We've no coffee. Would you like tea instead
  我们没有咖啡了。改喝茶好吗?
  Let's play cards instead of watching TV.
  咱们玩纸牌吧,别看电视了。
  6.Preserve保存 pressure 压力 previous先前的,以前的
  primary最初的,首要的 primitive原始的 priority 优先权
  procedure程序,步骤 process过程、工序 proficiency熟练,精通
  7.consist of 由…组成
  The committee consists of ten members.
  该委员会有十名成员。
  8.mean to do打算做… mean + n名词代词Ving动名词 意思是意味着
  I mean to travel through the forest by myself.我打算一个人穿过森林。
  Spending too much now means a shortage of cash next year.现在花过多的钱就意味着明年缺钱花。
  9.when
  He was just going to give up when another chance came.在他要放弃的时候另一个机遇来到了。
  10.vary 变化
  vary ~ from …to … (表示变化的范围、幅度等)
  Prices vary from season to season.价格随着季节的变化而变化。
  11.charge 双重词性(nv)及多重表意:索价(收费)指控使充满
  How much do you charge for a haircut.理发多少钱?
  表指控时,与介词with搭配,表示因为…受到指控
  He was charged by the police with breaking the law.警方指控他违法。(他因违法受到了警方的指控。)
  12.complain of about 抱怨
  Students are always complaining about too much homework.学生经常抱怨作业太多。
  如果complain的意思是抱怨某个人有病(痛),则用of
  The patient complained of a terrible pain in his chest.
  病人说他胸痛得非常厉害。
  13.tend+to do 易于…;往往会…
  He tends to make long speeches.他经常长篇大论。
  14.confuse
  confusing:令人困惑的
  This is a confusing word because it has too many meanings.
  这是个令人分不清的单词因为它有很多意思。
  confused:混乱的,困惑的
  If you try to learn too many things at a time, you may get confused.
  如果你想同时学习很多东西,那么很可能出现混淆。
  15.spend  cost  take
  cost:花费财物
  spendtake:既可以表示花钱也可以表示花费时间。
  spend:
  He spends much money  time on books.
  他在书上花了很多钱很多时间。
  During holidays, people always spend too much time (in) watching TV.
  在假期的时候,人们经常会花很多时间来看电视。
  cost:
  The T-shirt costs me 100 Yuan.
  take:(It takes sb some time(money) to do sth.)
  It takes me five minutes to go to school.
  It took 5 yuan to buy the book.
  16.persuade sb(not)to do:说服某人去不去做某事
  persuade sb. into doing 说服了某人做了某事 persuade sb. out of doing sth.说服了某人不去做某事
  persuade sb. of sth 使某人相信某事
  He persuaded her daughter to change her mind.他说服女儿改变主意。
  How can we persuade him into joining us 怎样才能说服他加入到我们当中来?
  I persuaded him of the truth.我使他相信了这是真的。
  17.characteristic of …的特征
  Rainy days are ~ of July.下雨是7月份的特征。
  18.identify 认为…等同于…;~…with 把…和…等同起来
  He identifies his girlfriend's happiness with his own.
  他认为女友的幸福就是自己的幸福。
  19.responsible
  be ~ for 对…负责任
  Parents should be ~ for their children's education.
  父母要对孩子的教育负责任。
  20.involve 使卷入,使参与
  John was involved in the trouble, and he didn't know what to do.
  约翰被卷入到麻烦中,他不知道该怎么办。
  21.average
  (n.)平均数(a.)平均的、平常的(v)平均
  on(the)average 平均而言
  22.affect(vt)影响,打动 effect(n.)结果、后果
  The change in climate may affect your health.
  天气的变化有可能会影响你的健康。
  The film had quite an effect on her.这影片对她的影响非常大。
  23.reflect 思考、考虑;反映 ~ onupon
  We should ~ on what to do next.我们要考虑一下接下来做什么。
  24.focus (使)聚焦;(使)集中 ~ on
  Their research chiefly focus on the learning techniques of grown-ups.
  他们的研究主要集中在成年人的学习技巧上。
  25.ability能力
  He has the ability to swim like a fish.他能够像鱼一样地游泳。
  26.refer提到、提及;参考refer to(介词)
  I would like to refer back to the first point.我想重提一下第一点。
  Please refer to the dictionary if you come across a new word.如果遇到生词,请查字典。
  27.contrast
  n.:对比,对照 in contrast
  v.:形成对比把…与…对比 contrast…with…
  His white hair is in sharp contrast to his dark skin.
  His white hair contrasts sharply with his dark skin.
  他的白发与他的黑皮肤形成了鲜明的对比。
  28.quality质量quantity 数量
  goodpoor quality 质量好坏 a great quantity ofquantities of大量的
  29.eager (a.)热切的、渴望的
  be ~ foraboutof sth 渴望…;追求…
  be ~ to do sth渴望做某事
  He is ~ for success.他渴望成功。
  Children are ~ to know everything. 孩子们渴望知道所有的事情。
  30.substitute for …的替代物(名词短语)
  We use honey as a substitute for sugar.我们用蜂蜜代糖。
  31.suppose 认为
  be supposed to 被认为…本应当…
  He is supposed to be the one who runs fastest among us.
  他被认为是我们当中跑得最快的人。
  We are supposed to get there on time.
  我们应该准点到达那里。
  32.supply 供应,提供
  ~ sth to for sb
  ~ sb with sth
  School libraries supply books to  for students.
  学校图书馆给学生提供书籍。
  The organization supplies the poor with food.
  这个机构给穷人们提供食物。
  33.engage 从事于、参加 ~ inbe engaged in
  I have no time to engage in gossip.我无暇闲聊。
  He is ~d in his work.他忙于工作。
  34.Scarcely (ad.)几乎不,几乎没有
  scarcely…when… 一…就…
  Scarcely had he entered the room when the telephone rang.
  他刚进屋,电话铃就响了。
  35.destroy (彻底)摧毁 damage (部分性)毁坏
  ruin(常指因天气、忽视等) harm (v.n.)伤害
  36.popular 流行的,受欢迎的
  be ~ with… 受…喜欢,受…欢迎
  As a teacher, he was quite popular with his students.
  作为一名教师,他非常受学生的欢迎。
  37.
  discover:发现(原本存在的东西)
  find:找到了(强调结果)
  find out:(也强调结果,但宾语多为抽象名词或短语)
  look for:寻找(强调动作)
  seek:寻找,寻求
  invent:发明出(原来不存在的东西)
  38.tell 有判断、分辨、看出的意思
  You cannot tell a Chinese from a Japanese just by their faces.
  仅看他们的脸,你无法区分中国人和日本人。
  39.above(水平上方,未必垂直)over(垂直上方)
  below(在…下方,未必垂直)under (垂直下方)
  beneath(在…的下方在(紧靠着)…的底下)
  The small boat is beneath the great waves.
  40.
  board(n.)木板;牌子;董事会(v)上(船、飞机等)
  broad(a.)宽的;广泛的
  aboard(ad.)在(船、飞机、车)上
  abroad(ad.)在国外,在海外
  41.solvedissolveresolve
  (1)solve
  ①find an answer to (a problem, etc);explain or make clear (a mystery, etc)
  解决、解答(难题等);解释,揭示(秘密等)
  solve a maths problem 解数学题 solve a crime 破案
  ②find a way of dealing with (a difficulty, etc)解决(困难等)
  Help me to solve my financial troubles.
  请帮我解决经济困难。
  (2)dissolve
  ①make(solid)become liquid使(固体)溶解
  Water dissolves salt.水能溶解盐。
  ②(cause sth)to come to an end(使某物、某事)终止、解散、取消
  dissolve a marriage解除婚姻关系
  (3)resolve
  ①决定、决心 decide firmly;determine
  She resolved that she would never see him again.
  她决定从此以后再也不见他。
  ②solve or settle (problems, doubts, etc)解决(问题或疑问等)
  Resolve an argument a crisis 解决争论危机
  42.relative adj. 比较的,相对的,有关系的关于…,涉及…(与to连用)
  She told us all the facts that were relative to this question.
  她把关于这个问题的全部事实告诉了我们。
  43.care(n.)关切、忧虑、照料(v.)关切、忧虑、喜欢
  常用搭配:
  ①take(good)care of(好好)照顾
  ②care about 关心为…忧虑
  ③care for (sth) 喜欢,想要;关心;介意, 放在心上
  Would you care for another cup of tea 你还想要杯茶吗?
  44.while(n.)一会儿
  (conj.)①当…的时候 ②而却(表示对比或相反的情况)③虽然(含有让步的意味)
  He fell asleep while the others were doing their exercises.
  他睡着了而其他人都在做功课。
  While I admit there are some problems, I don't agree they cannot be solved.
  我承认有问题,但我也认为能解决它们。
  45.capable有能力的;
  表示有能力做某事的几种表达
  ①can+v ②be able to + v ③have the ability + to do ④be capable of
  46.demonstrate 说明,演示;论证,证实
  display展示,陈列
  47.
  electric(a.)由电产生的用电的(使用范围更广,与我们的生活关系密切)
  electrical(a.)与电有关的 electrical engineering 机电工程
  electric:~ current 电流;~ light 电灯;~ iron 电熨斗; ~cooker电炉子
  48.absolute绝对的  thorough彻底的  complete完整的
  49.concern
  (n.)牵连;关心,挂念
  (vt.)有关,涉及;关心,挂念
  常用表达:
  (1)be concerned forabout 对某事(人)关心,挂念
  We're all concerned for his future.我们对他的未来很关心。
  (2)as far as…concerned 至于…;对…而言
  As far as structure is concerned, this article is quite good.就结构而言,这篇文章很好。
  50.apply
  (1)申请 ~ to 向…申请  ~ for 申请…
  (2)适用,把…用于 ~ to
  (3)致力于~ oneself to
  She has applied to the university for the degree of Master of Arts.
  她已经向那所大学申请了文学硕士学位。
  What the teacher said applies to us all.
  老师说的对我们大家都适用。
  All teachers should apply themselves to the teaching cause.
  所有的教师都应当致力于教育事业。
  51.preference 偏爱;优先(权)preference for  to
  Among the subjects I'm learning, I have ~ for to English.
  在所学的科目中,我更喜欢英语。
  52.attitude 态度,表示对…的态度时,后常接介词totowards
  He has a good attitude to  towards his study.
  他对学习有很好的态度。
  53.failure(n.)失败没做到…,后接不定式做定语
  John had a failure to pass the exam.约翰考试没通过。
  54.determine 决定、决心
  ①to+vbe ~d to+v ②onupon ③that clause
  We determined to seek the answer to the problem.我们决心寻找这个问题的答案。
  He ~d on an early start.他决定早些动身。
  55.adapt
  (1)使适应 ~ to(介词)使适应…;适用于  ~for使适合于
  You should adapt yourself to the new environment.你应该使自己适应新的环境。
  He doesn't adapt for such work.他不适合做这种工作。
  (2)改编 ~ as 被改编成… ~ from 由根据…改编 ~ for 为…而改编
  56.arousearise
  arouse(vt)引起;唤起,唤醒 arise(vi)发生;出现
  His behavior aroused my suspicion.他的行为引起了我的怀疑。
  A new problem has arisen.出现了新的问题。
  57.account (vi)~ for 说明(原因等);导致,引起
  His illness accounts for his absence.他因病缺席。
  58.reluctant(adj.)不情愿的、勉强的 be ~ to + v
  When I asked for help, he seemed reluctant to lend a hand.
  当我向他寻求帮助时,他似乎不愿意帮忙。
  59.bound
  ①一定的,必然的be ~ to + v.
  ②开往…的,驶往…的be ~ for
  Maggie is bound to study abroad after graduation.
  毕业以后Maggie 一定会出国留学。
  The train is bound for QingDao.这列火车是开往青岛的。
  60.specialize (vi)专营,专门研究
  This is a shop specializing in camping equipment.
  这家商店专营野营设备。
  61.profit (v.)有益于得益,获益
  ~ by  from
  I hope to ~ from your suggestion.
  我希望能从你的建议中获益。
  62.regard
  (n.)重视、关心、考虑、尊重,后常接介词 for 或 to
  (pl.)致意,问候。常用表达:give (best) regards to sb
  (vt.)认为是,看作是;重视;尊敬:be regarded as
  He jumped into the river to save a boy without regard for his safety.
  他跳入河中去救男孩,完全没有考虑自己的安危。
  Mr Yang is ~ed as a good teacher.杨老师被认为是非常不错的老师。
  63.occupy 占领占用使忙碌,使从事
  She occupies herself with the house decoration.她忙于房屋的装修。
  64.influence(n.v.)影响(通常接onupon)
  Her father's advice has no ~ on her.
  父亲的劝告对她毫无影响。
  65.emphasis(n.)强调、重点
  ~ on 重点在…上
  The county put emphasis on agricultural development.
  这个国家把重点放在农业发展上。
  66.concentrate (v.)集中、专心
  ~ onupon
  He concentrated on reading and didn't care for anything else.
  他专心致志地读书,什么也没注意到。
  67.remind v. 提醒
  常用表达:~ sb of sth  ~ sb to do sth
  The song reminds me of my childhood.
  这首歌使我想起了童年。
  Please remind me to answer the letter.
  请提醒我回信。
  68.occur (vi.)被想到,被想起;发生,出现
  Suddenly a good idea occurred to me.我突然想到了一个好主意。
  69.suggest 提议,建议 ①+ npron.Ving ②+ that clause
  We suggest going to the Summer palace.
  我们建议去颐和园。
  I suggest that we(should)hold a meeting tonight.
  我建议今天晚上开个会。
  70.respond(v.)回答,答复,有反应 ~ to(prep.)
  She responded to my letter with a phone call.
  她收到我的信后,给我回了电话。
  71.conscious adj. 有意识的 ~ of
  I'm deeply conscious of my responsibility as a teacher.
  作为老师,我深深地意识到自己的职责。
  72.indifferent 冷漠的,不关心的 be ~ to
  I'm indifferent to whether you go or not.
  你去不去,我根本不关心。
  73.intend 想要、打算、计划 ~ to + v.
  I didn't intend to make a mistake, but I've made.
  我没想犯错误,但是还是犯了。
  74.given prep. 考虑到;鉴于
  (1)I'll go and see you in America, given the chance.
  假如有机会,我将去美国看你。
  (2)Given their experience, they have done a good job.
  鉴于经验,他们把工作做得很好。
  75.distinguish 辨别,区别 ~between 或~from
  People who can not ~ between colors are said to be color-blind.
  不能辨别颜色的人被称为色盲。
  The ability to talk ~s human beings from animals.
  说话的能力把人类和动物区分开来。
  76.superior 上好的,优于…的,(职位等)较高的。
  Service in large companies is superior to that in small companies.
  大公司的服务要比小公司的好。
  77.enable (vt)使能够;使可能
  常用句式 enable sb(sth)+ to + v.
  Airplanes enable people to travel through the air.
  飞机使人们得以在空中旅行。
  78.source(n.)源(泉);来源  resource(n.)资源
  79.essential (a.)必要的,必不可少的,与介词to或者for构成搭配
  Hardwork is essential to  for success.
  80.harm (n.) 害处,有害;伤害
  harmful (a.)
  在行文时与(prep)to搭配
  即常用句式:do harm to 和 be harmful to
  Lack of sleep does harm to health.
  Lack of sleep is harmful to health.
  睡眠不足对健康有害。
  81.accompany 陪同,伴随为…伴奏
  Mr. Jones played the violin and his daughter accompanied him on the piano.
  琼斯先生拉小提琴,他的女儿用钢琴给他伴奏。
  82.mention(vt)说到,提及。后面可接动名词和从句
  He mentions hearing from his father often.
  他说到他经常收到父亲的信。
  此外mention 还常用在一些习惯表达中
  Don't mention it.相当于You are welcome.即不用客气
  83.compose 组成、构成(用被动语态时后接of:be composed of…)
  These houses are chiefly composed of wood.
  这些房屋主要是由木材构成的。
  84.awake
  v. 唤醒;觉醒,领会(a.)醒来的
  awaken(vi)醒、觉醒(vt)唤醒,使觉醒
  The noise outside the house awoke the sleeping baby.
  屋外的噪音把正在熟睡的婴儿吵醒了。
  We must awaken people to the danger.
  我们必须唤起人们的危机意识。
  85.attempt(vtn.)企图、试图
  attempt + to + v.
  I attempted to speak but was told to be quiet.
  我试图说话,可是有人要我安静点。
  86.interfere (vi)干涉、介入(~ within) 妨碍、干扰(~with)
  No government should ~ in the internal affairs of other countries.
  任何政府都不应干涉别国内政。
  The noise interferes with my work.噪音妨碍了我的工作。
  87.
  device (n.)设计,发明物,装置
  devise (v.)设计,发明
  diverse (a.)各种各样的
  88.compete (vi)竞赛、比赛,着重指竞争,不一定要分出胜负 match 一般指按照某一规则,分出胜负的比赛 game 一般指某种游戏,不正规的 race 一般指田径比赛
  compete 可与多个prep搭配使用。如 ~ with  against与…竞赛
  ~ in 在…(方面)竞赛  ~ for 为了…竞赛
  89.provided conj. 倘若 providing conj. 倘若
  We will have a visit to the seaside providing  provided the weather remains clear.
  如果天气一直晴朗,我们将到海滨去玩。
  90.admit
  (1)承认 ~ + ving
  (2)接纳、吸收(与to,into或in连用)
  (3)(场所)可容纳
  They admitted having stolen something from the store.
  他们承认从商店偷过东西。
  Only one hundred students are admitted to the school each year.
  该校每年只收100名学生。
  The theatre is small and admits only 300 people.
  这个剧院比较小,只能容纳300人。
  91.object(vi.)反对、不赞成
  Most of people objected to the plan.大多数人反对那个计划。
  92.prefer 更愿意,更喜欢
  ①~ to ②~ to do rather than do
  Children usually prefer going out to staying at home.
  孩子们通常愿意出去玩而不愿意呆在家里。
  I prefer to go on study rather than look for a job.
  我愿意继续学习而不愿意找工作。
  93.assign (v.)分配;把…分配给
  The company assigned two rooms to the manager.
  这家公司给经理分了两间房子。
  94.consistent
  一致的: ~ in  与… 一致、符合:~ with
  He is not consistent in his actions.
  他的行动前后不一致。
  What he does is not consistent with what he says.他言行不一。
  95.assure (v.)使确信;向…保证
  The doctor assured us of the safety of the operation.
  医生向我们保证手术的安全性。
  96.caution (vn)告诫、警告
  告诫某人不要做某事:~ against  ~ sb not to v
  The father cautioned his little son not to play with fire.
  父亲警告儿子不要玩火。
  97.control (v.)控制、支配
  注意:这个单词可以和许多 prep 搭配,构成短语
  in control of 掌管着,控制着
  out of control  beyond control 不受控制
  under control 处于控制之下,受到…的控制
  98.pretty adj. 漂亮的;在口语中,可做 adv. 意思是相当非常
  I'm pretty sure that he will agree.
  我确信他会同意。
  The boy badly wants a new bicycle.这孩子非常想要一辆自行车。
  99.considerable
  ①值得考虑的,重要的 ②相当大或多的
  The sun is high in the sky, and the heat is considerable.太阳高高地挂在空中,非常热。
  100.contribute(v.)→ contribution(n.)
  有助于;捐献;投稿(均与介词to搭配)
  The county leader's visit contributes greatly to the mutual understanding between the two countries.
  该国领导人的访问非常有助于两国的相互了解。
  Cigarette smoking is a major factor contributing to lung cancer.抽烟是导致肺癌的一个主要因素。
  101.derive (v.)由…得到  起源;由…派生(都可与from搭配)
  He derives much pleasure from reading historical stories.
  他从读历史故事中得到许多乐趣。
  Many English words derive from French.
  许多英语词汇源自法语。
  102.owe 欠(债等)把…归功于…(与to搭配使用)
  His success does not owe to luck but ability.
  他的成功应当归功于他的能力而不是运气。
  103.approve (v.)赞成、批准、通过→disapprove 不赞成 (与of 搭配)
  If my project isn't approved by the headmaster, all my work will be wasted.
  如果我的方案没有得到校长的批准,那么我的所有工作都白费了。
  The father disapproved of his daughter's marrying that poor fellow.
  父亲不同意女儿嫁给那个贫穷的小伙子。



二、短  语

1.about的相关短语
  (1)形容词短语
  be concerned about 担忧…,烦恼…  be crazy about 狂热于…;
  Nowadays, many young people are crazy about big stars.
  如今,许多年轻人对巨星非常痴迷。
  (2)动词短语
  bring about 导致、引起  care about 对…关心或忧虑  worry about 担心…
  The heavy fog brought about many car accidents.大雾导致了很多交通事故。
  2.as的相关短语
  (1)as a matter of fact 事实上  as a result(插入语)(作为)结果  as a whole 总的来说
  He stayed up late into the night to play computer games. As a result, he is falling asleep in the class.
  昨天他玩电脑游戏直到深夜,结果他在课堂上睡着了。
  (2)as for  as to 至于;关于
  as well 也,又;同样地as well as既...又,除...之处(还)
  as if 好像,仿佛 as yet 到目前为止,到那时为止
  I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday.
  我记得整个事情,似乎它就发生在昨天。
  The project hasn't been approved by the government as yet.
  这个工程直到现在还未得到政府的批准。
  (3)
  act as 担任、充当
  be known as 以…而闻名
  refer to …as… 称…为
  regard … as … 把…看成
  think of … as …把…当看成…
  3. at的相关短语
  at best(至多、充其量)  at least(至少、起码)
  at large(普遍地;自由地,逍遥自在地)  at times(有时候)
  laugh at(嘲笑…)
  The tiger escaped from a zoo and ran around at large.
  老虎从动物园里跑出来,四处乱窜。
  He has been away from home for several months. Therefore, he is homesick at times.
  他离家有几个月了,因此有时候会想家。
  4.for的相关短语
  (1)固定搭配
  for instance 例如  for short 简称、缩写  for the most part 在很大程度上、多半
  (2)相关搭配
  ①名词短语:
  preparation for 为…做的准备
  reason for …的原因(理由等)
  respect for 尊重
  substitute for …的替代物
  Students should show respect for their teachers.学生要尊重老师。
  The material is a poor substitute for leather.这种材料代替皮革很勉强。
  ②形容词短语
  be known for 因…而为人所知
  be responsible for 对…负责任
  hold good for 适用于…
  The principle doesn't hold good for all cases.这个原理并不适用于所有情况。
  ③动词短语
  care for 喜欢;为…操心;照顾
  provide for 赡养;为…提供必需品
  search for 搜寻、搜查
  Would you care for a cup of coffee?想喝杯咖啡吗?
  5.from的相关短语
  (1)
  derive from 从…得到;源于…
  suffer from (受苦、受害;患病)
  turn aside from 离开
  Most of his pleasure in life derives from study.
  他的生活乐趣主要来自学习。
  People in the flood area are suffering from lack of food and clothes.
  灾区人民面临着缺衣少食的困境。
  (2)die from 因…死亡  result from因…引起…
  The quarrel resulted from a joke.
  那次吵架是由开玩笑引起的。
  (3)
  distinguish … from … 把…同…区分开
  isolate…from… 使…与…隔离
  separate … from使…从…中分离
  prevent … from 防止;阻止
  protect … from保护…(使…免于…)
  stop … from阻止…(使…不能…)
  The twins are so much alike that no one can distinguish one from the other.
  这对双胞胎长得很像,没有人能把他们区分开。
  You need warm clothes to protect you from getting a cold.你需要穿得暖和些,以免着凉。
  6.in 的相关短语
  (1)in 构成的介宾短语
  in accordance with 与…一致
  in addition to除…之外
  in addition另外
  in advance 预先
  in case 假如;以防(万一),免得
  in conclusion最后
  in contrast对比
  in effect 实际上
  in fact 事实上
  in front of 在…前面
  in need of 需要
  in order to为了
  in other words换句话说
  in place of 代替
  in pursuit of 追求,寻求
  in return 报答,回报…
  in search of 寻找
  in terms of 从在…方面;根据,按照
  in the face of在…前面
  in the final analysis归根结底
  in the first place 首先
  in the least一点、丝毫
  in the light of按照
  in the meantime与此同时
  in turn依次、轮流
  We should make good preparations for the final examination in advance.
  我们应该在期末考试前预先做好准备。
  In case tomorrow is a good day; I will come to visit you.如果明天天气不错,我会去看你。
  Maggie often helps me with my housework and I give her some money in return.
  马吉经常帮我做家务。为了回报,我给了她一些钱。
  In terms of the rule students are not allowed to go to pubs.
  根据规定,学生是不能去酒吧的。
  (2)in 的相关(v)搭配
  be interested in 对…感兴趣
  engage in 从事;忙于
  be involved in 与…有关联,参与
  lack in 在…方面缺乏…
  result in 导致;产生
  lie in 在于;存在于
  believe in 相信,信任
  specialize in 专门研究专营
  take in 吸收接纳,接受
  In order to live a better life, he has to engage in work all day.
  为了更好地生活,他不得不整天忙于工作。
  His disease lies in smoking a lot.
  他的病是由于抽烟太多引起的。
  Air pollution results in many serious problems.
  空气污染导致了很多严重的问题。
  This type of paper can take in water well.
  这种纸的吸水性很好。
  7.of 的相关短语
  (1)与n.的相关短语
  a variety of 各种各样的
  at the rate of 以…的速度比率
  in need of 需要
  in place of 代替
  in pursuit of 追求,寻求
  in search of 寻找
  in terms of 按照
  in the face of 当着…的面
  in the light of 按照,根据
  regardless of 不顾,不管
  When he makes some mistakes, the boy always has a variety of reasons.
  当这个男孩犯错误时,他总是有各种各样的理由。
  I don't think that robot can be in place of human beings.
  我认为机器人不会取代人类。
  Regardless of the danger, the soldier dived into water to save a child.
  这个士兵不顾生命危险,跳下水,去救一个孩子。
  (2)与 a.相关的短语
  be aware of 意识到、知道
  be capable of 有…能力(或倾向)的
  be certain of 确信,对…有把握
  be characteristic of 是…的特征
  be conscious of 察觉到,意识到
  be sure of 确信,确定
  be tolerant of 对…容忍,宽容
  be true of 符合,对…适用
  When he was young, the old man was capable of eating three bowls of rice.
  这个老人年轻时,能吃三大碗米饭。
  Why are you always tolerant of his ignorance
  你为什么总容忍他的无知?
  Some animals are very lively in their sports, and it is true of ants.
  有些动物在运动的时候非常活泼,蚂蚁也是这样的。
  (3)与V.相关的短语
  be made of 由…构成
  be made up of 由…组成
  clear…of …把……从……中清除
  complain of 抱怨,发牢骚
  consist of 由…组成
  disapprove of 不同意…
  get rid of 摆脱,除去
  remind…of 使…想起
  take care of 爱护,照顾
  take note of 注意,留意
  talk of 谈到、谈起
  The research team is made up of three scientists and two government officials.
  这个调查小组是由三个科学家和两个政府官员组成的。
  When the old get together, they like talking of the past.
  当老年人聚到一起时,他们喜欢谈论过去。
  (4)其它搭配 ahead of 在…前面instead of 代替,而不是because of 因为
  The manager didn't attend the meeting because of his illness.
  经理因为生病没有参加会议。
  8. on 的相关短语
  (1)与V. 相关的短语
  (这是介词on 的主要搭配方式,而且在与很多V. 搭配时介词on 都可与介词upon互换使用)
  act on 按照…行事;影响
  border on 接壤;接近(表程度)
  concentrate on 全神贯注于…
  decide on 决定、选定
  depend on 依赖、依靠
  focus on 集中
  have effect on 对…有影响
  keep an eye on 照看,留神
  live on 靠…生活
  rest upon on依靠、依赖
  start on 开始做某事,着手
  turn on 开;接通(水、电、煤气等)
  China borders on Japan.中国和日本临近。(事实性错误)
  What he said borders on fallacy.他说的话简直是谬论。
  She decided on a blue dress at last.她最终选定了一条蓝裙子。
  The book has great effect on students.这本书对学生有很大的影响。
  We have to rest upon ourselves most of the time.大部分的时间里,我们都得依靠自己。
  The new term begins. I'm starting on making a study plan.新的学期开始了,我正着手制定新的计划。
  (2)其它搭配
  and so on 等等
  commentary on 对…的评论(n短语)
  9.out 的相关短语
  carry out进行;贯彻,执行;
  root out把…排除
  run out用尽,用完
  set out 出发;宣布;展示
  sort out分类,整理
  turn out生产;结果是
  The doctors are carrying out an operation.医生们正在做手术。
  They set out on the last stage of their journey.他们开始了旅行的最后一程。
  He set out his objections to the scheme.他说他反对这项计划。
  The job turned out to be harder than we thought.这份工作结果比我们想的要难。
  10.to 的相关短语
  (1)介词to 的搭配
  according to 根据
  approach to 对…的态度方法
  as to 至于、关于
  be alert to 对…警惕
  be due to 因为,由于
  be native to(指动植物等)源于…的
  become used to 习惯于
  in addition to 除…外
  similar to 与…类似
  solution to 解决…的方法
  adapt…to 使…适应…
  belong to 属于
  come to 共计,达到
  contribute to 有助于
  date back to 追溯至…
  hang on to 紧紧握住
  have access to 可接近,可进入
  lead to 导致
  commitment to 承诺献身于
  pass…on to 把…交给某人
  pay attention to 注意
  react to 对…做出反应
  refer to 提到;查阅
  relate…to 与…有关系
  respond to 回答;对…作出反应
  stick to 粘着,附在
  take a liking to 爱好,喜欢
  with regard to 关于;对于
  with relevance to 与…有关
  I have a new approach to language teaching
  我有一种新的语言教学方法。
  The team's success was largely due to her efforts.
  该队的成功在很大程度上是由于她的努力。
  The old man becomes used to getting up early and going to bed early.
  这个老年人习惯了早睡早起。
  People who attended the meeting come to 1,000.
  参加会议的人有1000人。
  Students should have access to good books.
  学生们应当有机会读到一些好书。
  No communication leads to their divorce.
  他们的离异是由于缺乏沟通。
  We are looking for someone who can make commitment to the job.
  我们在寻找一个能对此工作尽职尽责的人。
  His father takes a liking to coin collecting.
  他的父亲喜欢收集货币。
  This is a humor with relevance to school life.
  这是一个与学校生活有关的幽默。
  (2)不定式to 的搭配
  be bound to 一定;必须
  be eager to渴望做…
  be reluctant to 不愿意…
  be unable to 不能做某事
  be willing to愿意做某事  unwilling to 不愿意做某事
  in order to 为了…
  (in)capacity toin(ability) to (没)有…的能力
  tend to 倾向于…
  intend to 想要,打算
  be likely to 可能要…
  She is very likely to ring me tonight.
  她今晚很有可能给我打电话。
  11.up的相关短语(V短语)
  bring up 教育,培养
  build up 增长;逐渐积聚
  come up 出现
  give up 让出、放弃
  light up 使明亮、发亮
  look up 在字典参考书中查找
  make up 组成弥补虚构
  pile up 累积
  put up 举起,提出
  speed up 加速
  split up 分裂,离婚;分解;把…划分
  suck up 吸收
  take up 拿起,吸收,占(地方、时间等)
  use up 消耗、用尽
  wake up 醒来、觉醒
  He was brought up by his uncle.他是被他的叔叔抚养大的。
  It's necessary for a language learning student to build up vocabulary.
  对于学习语言的人来说,积累词汇是非常必要的。
  I'm afraid something urgent has come up; I won't be able to see you tonight.
  很抱歉,有些急事。今晚不能来看你了。
  When you come across a new word in reading, you can look it up in dictionaries.
  在阅读的时候遇到生词可以查词典。
  Animal bodies are made up of cells.
  动物的身体是由细胞组成的。
  Hard work can make up for a lack of intelligence.勤能补拙。
  Put your hand up if you want to ask a question.
  如果要问问题,请举手。
  The expert put up a suggestion to the board.
  这位专家向董事会提出了一个建议。
  After supper, she sat on the chair and took up her pen to answer a letter.
  晚饭过后,她坐下来,拿起笔回信。
  This table takes up too much room.这张桌子太占地方。
  12.with 的相关短语
  短语
  be familiar with 熟悉…,通晓…
  be popular with 受…欢迎
  be true with 对…是一样的
  be satisfied with 对…感到满意
  be faced with 面临,面对
  be fed up with 对…不满
  associate…with 把…联系在一起
  begin with 以…开始,以…为起点
  check with 与…相符,一致
  combine with 与…结合联合
  come into contact with 与…接触交往
  come up with (针对问题等)提出、想出、提供
  compare …with 与…比较,deal with 对付,处理
  disagree with 与…有分歧,不一致
  end up with 以…结束告终
  fiddle with摆弄,弄虚作假
  have…to do with与…有关
  identify…with把…和…等同起来
  keep pace with 同速前进,并驾齐驱
  keep up with跟上…保持联系
  provide sb with…给某人提供…
  put up with忍受、容忍
  threaten with 用…威胁,恐吓
  I'm quite familiar with his families.我和他的家里人很熟悉。
  He is popular with his neighbors.他非常受邻居的欢迎。
  I'm fed up with waiting for her to telephone.
  我等她的电话都等得不耐烦了。
  The decision checks with people's requirements.
  这个决策符合人们的需要。
  She came up with a new idea for increasing sales.
  她想出了增加销售量的好方法。
  His success has much to do with hard work.他的成功与努力工作分不开。
  I can't keep up with some changes in fashion.
  我跟不上某些时尚的变化。
  I don't know how she puts up with her husband's cruelty to her.
  我不明白她怎么能忍受她丈夫的虐待。

  相近短语比较
  1.
  in addition此外…(插入语,后不能+宾语)
  in addition to 除…之外,还…(后能+宾语)
  2.
  as well 也…也…(后不跟成分)
  as well as(后跟成分)
  3.
  instead 代替
  instead of 代替(后可以+宾语)
  4.
  except 除了…之外
  except for除了…之外
  (整体上是好的,除了某部分不太好;通常会产生美中不足的感觉)
  5.a number of 很多…
  the number of 的数目
  6.compare …with…把…与…比较
  compare… to …把…比喻成…
  7.think of … as
  regard as
  see … as
  Refer to …as
  都表示:认为…是什么… 
  8.long before 在…之前…很久了
  before long不久以后
  9.result from因为…引起
  result in 导致…
  10.be known for 因为…而闻名
  be known as作为…而出名
  11.as for 至于
  as to 至于
  12.out of question毫无疑问的
  out of the question不可能的
  13.in return 回报
  in turn 按照顺序
  by turns 轮流
  14.continual 持续的(多次重复的动作)
  continuous 继续的
  Please stop your continual questions.请不要再接二连三地提问了。
  They had a continuous talk for more than an hour.他们持续交谈了一个多小时。
  15.used to do 过去常常做某事
  be used to + ving 习惯于做某事
  16.in place of 代替(介词短语)
  in the place 恰好,合适
  take the place of 代替(动词短语)

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