全国2009年4月自学考试英语国家概况试题和答案

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全国2009年4月自学考试英语国家概况试题和答案
课程代码：00522
I. Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (50 points, 1 point for each)
1. Strictly speaking, “the British Isles” refers to_______.
A. Great Britain         B. Ireland
C. the United Kingdom         D. Great Britain and Ireland
2. Which of the following kings was responsible for the complete establishment of the feudal system in England?
A. Edward I         B. Henry II
C. Alfred the Great         D. William the Conqueror
3. The spirit of the Great Charter was ______.
A. a limitation of the powers of the king        B. a guarantee of the freedom of the serfs
C. a limitation of the powers of the Church        D. a declaration of equality among all people
4. Which of the following is NOT true about the result of the Black Death?
A. Much land was left untended.
B. There was a terrible shortage of labour.
C. The surviving peasants had lost their power of bargaining.
D. Landowners tended to change from arable to sheep-farming.
5. The War of Roses that took place from 1455 to 1485 was fought between ______.
A. Britain and France        B. the Parliament and the Crown
C. the working people and the aristocrats        D. two branches of the Plantagenet family
6. The English Renaissance was largely literary, and it achieved its finest expression in the so-called ______.
A. Romantic poetry         B. Romantic fiction
C. Elizabethan poetry         D. Elizabethan drama
7. British constitutional monarchy is a system under which the powers of the ______ are limited by Parliament or the constitution.
A. church         B. king or queen
C. government ministers         D. Bishop’s court
8. The Tories in Britain were the forerunners of ______, which still bears this nickname today.
A. the Labor Party         B. the Liberal Party
C. the Conservative Party         D. the Social Democratic Party
9. Which of the following was NOT included in the six-point demand of the Chartist Movement?
A. Equal electoral districts         B. Voting by secret ballot
C. The vote for all adult males         D. The vote for all adult females
10. During the First World War, Britain was allied with ______.
A. Turkey         B. the Central Powers
C. France and Russia         D. Germany and Austria-Hungary
11. Who was the man that led Britain in the crisis of the Second World War?
A. George VI         B. Theodore Roosevelt
C. Neville Chamberlain         D. Sir Winston Churchill
12. The new policies adopted by Mrs. Thatcher and Conservative Government after the 1979 election was known as ______.
A. Thatcherism         B. the New Deal
C. New Frontier         D. Keynesianism
13. Over the past one thousand years, the British ______ has been broken only once between 1649 and 1660.
A. Cabinet         B. Parliament
C. Monarchy         D. Privy Council
14. Who has the power to appoint the Prime Minister in Britain?
A. The Queen         B. The Parliament
C. The House of Lords         D. The Church of England
15. In Britain, a full meeting of ______ is called only when a Sovereign dies or announces his or her intention to marry.
A. the Privy Council         B. the Parliament
C. the House of Commons         D. the House of Lords
16. Which of the following is NOT involved in the British judicial responsibilities?
A. Attorney General         B. Ministry of Justice
C. The Lord Chancellor         D. The Home Secretary
17. Bank holidays in Britain refer to ______.
A. official public holidays        B. holidays for the banks only
C. public holidays except for the banks         D. holidays for the financial institutions only
18. Which statement about the British universities is NOT true?
A. They enjoy academic freedom.
B. They cannot appoint their own staff.
C. They are governed by royal charters.
D. They provide their own courses and award their own degrees.
19. ______, the most popular sport in England as well as in Europe, has its traditional home in England where it was developed in the 19th century.
A. Basketball         B. Tennis
C. Football         D. Baseball
20. London’s Metropolitan Police Force is directly under the control of _______.
A. the Prime Minister         B. the Lord Chancellor
C. the Home Secretary         D. the Attorney General
21. Which statement about the Puritans is NOT true?
A. The Puritans did not allow religious dissent.
B. The Puritans were poor artisans and unskilled peasants.
C. They were dissatisfied with the political corruption in England.
D. They went to the United States to establish what they considered the true church.
22. The largest racial and ethnic minority in the U.S. is the ______, which accounts over 12.1% of the population.
A. blacks         B. Asians
C. Indians         D. Hispanics
23. The three well-known authors who penned the Federalist Papers are ______.
A. Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and John Jay
B. George Washington, James Madison and John Jay
C. Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay
D. Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Adams
24. When Abraham Lincoln was elected president, the southern states broke away and formed a new nation called ______.
A. the Southern States of America        B. the Federalist States of America
C. the Confederate States of America        D. the Anti-confederate States of America
25. With the development of industry and extension of railroad network in the early 20th century in the U.S.A., there appeared ______.
A. a rapid growth of cities        B. an influx of foreign goods
C. an increase of urban ghettos        D. a great increase in the number of farms
26. In the early 19th century, ______ actively used the Sherman Antitrust Act to stop monopolistic business mergers in the United States.
A. J.P. Morgan         B. Woodrow Wilson
C. Henry Rockefeller         D. Theodore Roosevelt
27. The Red Scare in 1919 and 1920 was a typical example of American ______.
A. religious intolerance         B. intolerant nationalism
C. Progressive Movement         D. deregulation of big trusts
28. In the early 1930s, the American foreign policy was isolationist, but the ______ suddenly changed the whole situation, which propelled the U.S. into the Second World War.
A. Pearl Harbor attack        B. bombing of Guam island
C. seizing of American merchant ships        D. sinking of American passenger ships
29. In 1962, President ______ finally decided on the use of naval force to prevent military material and arms from entering Cuba and demanded Soviet removal of the missiles there.
A. Nixon         B. Truman
C. Johnson         D. Kennedy
30. In 1853, in the ______, another 30,000 square miles of Mexican land were added to the territory of the U.S.A.
A. Atlantic Purchase         B. Mexican Purchase
C. Gadsden Purchase         D. Louisiana Purchase
31. The four problems that face the economy of the United States are______.
A. unemployment, inflation, financial crisis and trade deficit
B. unemployment, inflation, financial deficit and trade deficit
C. mortgage losses, inflation, financial deficit and trade deficit
D. unemployment, market failures, financial deficit and trade deficit
32. Which statement about the U.S. Constitution is NOT true?
A. It is the supreme law of the land.
B. It is the oldest written constitution in the world.
C. It was adopted in 1781 at the Second Continental Congress.
D. It provides the basis for political stability, economic growth and social progress.
33. The American President usually takes an oath of office, administered by the ______ of the United States in January.
A. Chief Justice         B. House Speaker
C. Secretary of State         D. Senate Majority Leader
34. The U.S. Constitution provides that the ______ shall be President of the Senate.
A. Vice President         B. Secretary of State
C. Senate Majority Leader         D. Senate Minority Leader
35. Which one of the following is NOT government-run at the U.S. federal level?
A. Motor vehicle         B. The road system
C. National defense         D. The postal service
36. It is generally agreed that U.S. higher education began with the______.
A. Civil War         B. Independence War
C. founding of Harvard College         D. founding of Princeton University
37. Formal education in the United States consists of ______.
A. kindergarten, junior and senior education
B. junior, elementary and secondary education
C. elementary, secondary and higher education
D. kindergarten, secondary and higher education
38. In his Old Man and the Sea, Ernest Hemingway ______.
A. expresses the idea of facing defeat courageously
B. shows the basic goodness and wisdom of ordinary people
C. praises the ideas of equality and democracy and the joy of common people
D. describes the sharp contrast of wealth and poverty in Chicago and New York
39. In the early part of the 19th century, ______ was the center of American writing.
A. Boston         B. Detroit
C. New York City         D. Philadelphia
40. The most important patriotic holiday in the U.S. is ______.
A. Halloween         B. Veterans’ Day
C. Thanksgiving Day         D. Independence Day
41. The capital city of Ireland is ______.
A. Cork         B. Dublin
C. Galway         D. Waterford
42. Historically, Ireland has been free of ethnic conflicts because of its ______.
A. racial unity         B. racial homogeneity
C. multi-culturalism         D. high rate of emigration
43. Ireland has the following demographic features EXCEPT ______.
A. a late marriage age
B. an excess of females in the population
C. a high proportion of bachelors and spinsters of all ages
D. a low birthrate compounded by a century of emigration
44. Which of the following is a typical bilingual city in Canada?
A. Ottawa         B. Calgary
C. Toronto         D. Vancouver
45. Which of the following statements about immigration in Canada is NOT true?
A. It is estimated that one-third of Canadians were born in other countries.
B. Immigration has always been an important source of its population growth.
C. Immigration has played an important role in the development of its economy.
D. in the past Britain and Western Europe were the principal sources of Canadian immigration.
46. In terms of land area, Canada is the ______ largest country in the world.
A. second         B. third
C. fourth         D. fifth
47. The head of state of Australia is ______.
A. the Governor         B. the President
C. the Prime Minister         D. the Queen of England
48. ______ is the only city on the western coast of Australia with a population of over one million.
A. Perth         B. Sydney
C. Brisbane         D. Melbourne
49. A ______, where two parts of the earth’s crust meet, runs the length of New Zealand.
A. fault line         B. built area
C. dormant volcano         D. geothermal area
50. The Treaty of Waitangi in 1840 was an agreement between ______.
A. the Maori whalers and the British Crown
B. the Maori people and the British missionaries
C. the Maori traders and the British missionaries
D. the chiefs of the Maori people and the British Crown
II. Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (30 points, 3 points for each)
51. What are the main functions of the British Parliament?
52. What were the two countries Elizabeth I successfully played off against each other for nearly 30 years?
53. What was the outcome of the English Civil War?
54. What are the three main Christian festivals in the U.K.?
55. What were the three cornerstones of American postwar economic boom?
56. What was the most important document produced between China and the United States when President Nixon visited China in 1972?
57. What is the most central function of the U.S. Congress?
58. What are the two major parties that dominate American politics at the federal, state and local levels?
59. What are the two official languages used in Ireland?
60. Who are the native people living in Australia?
III. Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet in around 40 words. (20 points, 5 points for each)
61. Open University
62. The Speaker (of the House of Commons in Britain)
63. Muckrakers
64. The stock market crash of 1929
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全国2009年4月英语国家概况试题答案
课程代码：00522
I. Read the following unfinishedstatements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement orquestion, four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Choosethe one that you think best completes the statement or answers thequestion. Write the letter of the answer you have chosen in thecorresponding space on the answer sheet. (50 points, 1 point for each)
1. Strictly speaking, “the British Isles” refers to_______.
A. Great Britain  B. Ireland
C. the United Kingdom  D. Great Britain and Ireland

正确答案:C,D为错误答案,A为geographical name ,因为 the Brithish Isles 包含了Great Britain andIreland,as well as hundreds of small ones.所以正确答案是C the United Kingdom(联合王国).

2. Which of the following kings was responsible for the complete establishment of the feudal system in England?
A. Edward I  B. Henry II
C. Alfred the Great  D. William the Conqueror

正确答案:D 此题答案在书中P27.

3. The spirit of the Great Charter was ______.
A. a limitation of the powers of the king B. a guarantee of the freedom of the serfs
C. a limitation of the powers of the Church D. a declaration of equality among all people

正确答案:A,本题答案在书中P33.

4. Which of the following is NOT true about the result of the Black Death?
A. Much land was left untended.
B. There was a terrible shortage of labour.
C. The surviving peasants had lost their power of bargaining.
D. Landowners tended to change from arable to sheep-farming.

正确答案:C,本题答案在书中P37.

5. The War of Roses that took place from 1455 to 1485 was fought between ______.
A. Britain and France B. the Parliament and the Crown
C. the working people and the aristocrats D. two branches of the Plantagenet family

正确答案:D,本题答案在中中P40.

6. The English Renaissance was largely literary, and it achieved its finest expression in the so-called ______.
A. Romantic poetry  B. Romantic fiction
C. Elizabethan poetry  D. Elizabethan drama

正确答案:D,本题答案在书中P49.

7. British constitutional monarchy is a system under which the powersof the ______ are limited by Parliament or the constitution.
A. church  B. king or queen
C. government ministers  D. Bishop’s court

正确答案:B,本题答案在书中P60.

8. The Tories in Britain were the forerunners of ______, which still bears this nickname today.
A. the Labor Party  B. the Liberal Party
C. the Conservative Party  D. the Social Democratic Party

正确答案:C,本题答案在书中P62.

9. Which of the following was NOT included in the six-point demand of the Chartist Movement?
A. Equal electoral districts  B. Voting by secret ballot
C. The vote for all adult males  D. The vote for all adult females

正确答案:D,这里考关于People's Charter,正确答案应该是the vote for all adult males.

10. During the First World War, Britain was allied with ______.
A. Turkey  B. the Central Powers
C. France and Russia  D. Germany and Austria-Hungary

正确答案:C,BD是一个意思the Central Powers=Germany and Austria-Hungary,A是错误答案.记不起来的话用排除法就可以做对.

11. Who was the man that led Britain in the crisis of the Second World War?
A. George VI  B. Theodore Roosevelt
C. Neville Chamberlain  D. Sir Winston Churchill

正确答案:D,答案在书中P83.

12. The new policies adopted by Mrs. Thatcher and Conservative Government after the 1979 election was known as ______.
A. Thatcherism  B. the New Deal
C. New Frontier  D. Keynesianism

正确答案:A,这题比较容易的,只要知道关于撒切尔主义就能做出来.

13. Over the past one thousand years, the British ______ has been broken only once between 1649 and 1660.
A. Cabinet  B. Parliament
C. Monarchy  D. Privy Council

正确答案:C,本题考关于君主政体,原文在书中P106.

14. Who has the power to appoint the Prime Minister in Britain?
A. The Queen  B. The Parliament
C. The House of Lords  D. The Church of England

正确答案:A,正确答案在书中第7章,关于统治者的职能.

15. In Britain, a full meeting of ______ is called only when a Sovereign dies or announces his or her intention to marry.
A. the Privy Council  B. the Parliament
C. the House of Commons  D. the House of Lords

正确答案:A,原文见教材P117.

16. Which of the following is NOT involved in the British judicial responsibilities?
A. Attorney General  B. Ministry of Justice
C. The Lord Chancellor  D. The Home Secretary

正确答案:B,本题没有准确的原文要靠自己用排除法判断,参考答案在教材P129,about thejudiciary in the U.k,"There is no ministry of justice in the UnitedKingdom.Central responsibility lies with the Lord Chancellor,the HomeSecretary and the Attorney General".

17. Bank holidays in Britain refer to ______.
A. official public holidays B. holidays for the banks only
C. public holidays except for the banks  D. holidays for the financial institutions only

正确答案:A,答案原文在教材P153.

18. Which statement about the British universities is NOT true?
A. They enjoy academic freedom.
B. They cannot appoint their own staff.
C. They are governed by royal charters.
D. They provide their own courses and award their own degrees.

正确答案:B,原文见教材P158.

19. ______, the most popular sport in England as well as in Europe, hasits traditional home in England where it was developed in the 19thcentury.
A. Basketball  B. Tennis
C. Football  D. Baseball

正确答案:C,原文见教材P166.

20. London’s Metropolitan Police Force is directly under the control of _______.
A. the Prime Minister  B. the Lord Chancellor
C. the Home Secretary  D. the Attorney General

正确答案:C,原文见教材P130.

21. Which statement about the Puritans is NOT true?
A. The Puritans did not allow religious dissent.
B. The Puritans were poor artisans and unskilled peasants.
C. They were dissatisfied with the political corruption in England.
D. They went to the United States to establish what they considered the true church.

正确答案:B,原文见教材P273.

22. The largest racial and ethnic minority in the U.S. is the ______, which accounts over 12.1% of the population.
A. blacks  B. Asians
C. Indians  D. Hispanics

正确答案:A,见教材P228.

23. The three well-known authors who penned the Federalist Papers are ______.
A. Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and John Jay
B. George Washington, James Madison and John Jay
C. Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay
D. Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Adams

正确答案:C,见教材P242.

24. When Abraham Lincoln was elected president, the southern states broke away and formed a new nation called ______.
A. the Southern States of America B. the Federalist States of America
C. the Confederate States of America D. the Anti-confederate States of America

正确答案:C,见教材P248.

25. With the development of industry and extension of railroad networkin the early 20th century in the U.S.A., there appeared ______.
A. a rapid growth of cities B. an influx of foreign goods
C. an increase of urban ghettos D. a great increase in the number of farms

正确答案:A,见教材P252.

26. In the early 19th century, ______ actively used the ShermanAntitrust Act to stop monopolistic business mergers in the UnitedStates.
A. J.P. Morgan  B. Woodrow Wilson
C. Henry Rockefeller  D. Theodore Roosevelt

正确答案:D,原文见教材P254.

27. The Red Scare in 1919 and 1920 was a typical example of American ______.
A. religious intolerance  B. intolerant nationalism
C. Progressive Movement  D. deregulation of big trusts

正确答案:B,原文见P257.

28. In the early 1930s, the American foreign policy was isolationist,but the ______ suddenly changed the whole situation, which propelledthe U.S. into the Second World War.
A. Pearl Harbor attack B. bombing of Guam island
C. seizing of American merchant ships D. sinking of American passenger ships

正确答案:A,原文见教材P261.

29. In 1962, President ______ finally decided on the use of naval forceto prevent military material and arms from entering Cuba and demandedSoviet removal of the missiles there.
A. Nixon  B. Truman
C. Johnson  D. Kennedy

正确答案:D,原文见教材P273.

30. In 1853, in the ______, another 30,000 square miles of Mexican land were added to the territory of the U.S.A.
A. Atlantic Purchase  B. Mexican Purchase
C. Gadsden Purchase  D. Louisiana Purchase

正确答案:C,原文见教材P246.

31. The four problems that face the economy of the United States are______.
A. unemployment, inflation, financial crisis and trade deficit
B. unemployment, inflation, financial deficit and trade deficit
C. mortgage losses, inflation, financial deficit and trade deficit
D. unemployment, market failures, financial deficit and trade deficit

正确答案:B,原文见教材P297.

32. Which statement about the U.S. Constitution is NOT true?
A. It is the supreme law of the land.
B. It is the oldest written constitution in the world.
C. It was adopted in 1781 at the Second Continental Congress.
D. It provides the basis for political stability, economic growth and social progress.

正确答案:C,正确答案应该是It was adopted in 1787 at the Second ....

33. The American President usually takes an oath of office, administered by the ______ of the United States in January.
A. Chief Justice  B. House Speaker
C. Secretary of State  D. Senate Majority Leader

正确答案:A,原文见教材P303.

34. The U.S. Constitution provides that the ______ shall be President of the Senate.
A. Vice President  B. Secretary of State
C. Senate Majority Leader  D. Senate Minority Leader

正确答案:A,原文见教材the executive branch部分.

35. Which one of the following is NOT government-run at the U.S. federal level?
A. Motor vehicle  B. The road system
C. National defense  D. The postal service

正确答案:A,因为BCD是国营的 所以正确答案是A.

36. It is generally agreed that U.S. higher education began with the______.
A. Civil War  B. Independence War
C. founding of Harvard College  D. founding of Princeton University

正确答案:C,原文见教材P320.

37. Formal education in the United States consists of ______.
A. kindergarten, junior and senior education
B. junior, elementary and secondary education
C. elementary, secondary and higher education
D. kindergarten, secondary and higher education

正确答案:C,原文见教材P316.

38. In his Old Man and the Sea, Ernest Hemingway ______.
A. expresses the idea of facing defeat courageously
B. shows the basic goodness and wisdom of ordinary people
C. praises the ideas of equality and democracy and the joy of common people
D. describes the sharp contrast of wealth and poverty in Chicago and New York

正确答案:A,原文见P341.

39. In the early part of the 19th century, ______ was the center of American writing.
A. Boston  B. Detroit
C. New York City  D. Philadelphia

正确答案:C,原文见教材P332.

40. The most important patriotic holiday in the U.S. is ______.
A. Halloween  B. Veterans’ Day
C. Thanksgiving Day  D. Independence Day

正确答案:D,原文见教材P355.

41. The capital city of Ireland is ______.
A. Cork  B. Dublin
C. Galway  D. Waterford

正确答案:B,ABC三选项,在爱尔兰部分没提到过.

42. Historically, Ireland has been free of ethnic conflicts because of its ______.
A. racial unity  B. racial homogeneity
C. multi-culturalism  D. high rate of emigration

正确答案:B,原文见教材P186.

43. Ireland has the following demographic features EXCEPT ______.
A. a late marriage age
B. an excess of females in the population
C. a high proportion of bachelors and spinsters of all ages
D. a low birthrate compounded by a century of emigration

正确答案:B,females应该改为males.

44. Which of the following is a typical bilingual city in Canada?
A. Ottawa  B. Calgary
C. Toronto  D. Vancouver

正确答案:A,这道题目要自己根据自己了解课本情况分析,教材P367有关于屋太华部分是这样写的"Ottawa,the capital of Canada,is in the ...speaking".说法语和英语各占一般,因此是最典型的双语城市.

45. Which of the following statements about immigration in Canada is NOT true?
A. It is estimated that one-third of Canadians were born in other countries.
B. Immigration has always been an important source of its population growth.
C. Immigration has played an important role in the development of its economy.
D. in the past Britain and Western Europe were the principal sources of Canadian immigration.

正确答案:A,数字不是1/3,而是1/6.

46. In terms of land area, Canada is the ______ largest country in the world.
A. second  B. third
C. fourth  D. fifth

正确答案:A,这是常识,在世界版图上面积名第二在俄罗斯后面.

47. The head of state of Australia is ______.
A. the Governor  B. the President
C. the Prime Minister  D. the Queen of England

正确答案:D,因为澳大利亚是英联邦的一部分,以女王的名义,由总督来管理,因为真正的同志者还是英国国君,如果熟悉教材第7章,自然就能推理出来.

48. ______ is the only city on the western coast of Australia with a population of over one million.
A. Perth  B. Sydney
C. Brisbane  D. Melbourne

正确答案:A,原文见教材P424.

49. A ______, where two parts of the earth’s crust meet, runs the length of New Zealand.
A. fault line  B. built area
C. dormant volcano  D. geothermal area

正确答案:A,原文见教材P511.

50. The Treaty of Waitangi in 1840 was an agreement between ______.
A. the Maori whalers and the British Crown
B. the Maori people and the British missionaries
C. the Maori traders and the British missionaries
D. the chiefs of the Maori people and the British Crown

正确答案:D,原文见教材P515.

II. Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions.Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (30points, 3 points for each)

51. What are the main functions of the British Parliament?
there are law-making,authorizing taxation and public expenditures,eamining the actions of the government.

52. What were the two countries Elizabeth I successfully played off against each other for nearly 30 years?
France and Spain

53. What was the outcome of the English Civil War?
King Charles was defeated,a Commonwealth was declared by Oliver Cromwell,and he became the Lord Protector.(本仅供参考)

54. What are the three main Christian festivals in the U.K.?
They are Christmas,Easter and Whit Sunday.

55. What were the three cornerstones of American postwar economic boom?
They are the automobile,housing and defense industries.

56. What was the most important document produced between China and theUnited States when President Nixon visited China in 1972?
It was the Shanghai Communique.

57. What is the most central function of the U.S. Congress?
It is the pass of the law.

58. What are the two major parties that dominate American politics at the federal, state and local levels?
The Democratic Party and the Republican Party.

59. What are the two official languages used in Ireland?
Irish (or the Gaelic) and English.

60. Who are the native people living in Australia?
The Aboriginals.

III. Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answerin the corresponding space on the answer sheet in around 40 words. (20points, 5 points for each)

61. Open University
The Open University is a non-residential university.It is so namedbecause it is open to all to become students.The University was foundedin 1969 and began its first courses in 1970.The University offersdegree and other courses for adult students of all ages in Britain andthe other member countries of the European Union.It uses a combinationof specially produced printed texts,correspondence tuition,televisionand radio broadcasts and audio/video cassettes.

62. The Speaker (of the House of Commons in Britain)
The Speaker is a member who is acceptable to all shades of opinion inthe House.In carrying out his or her duties the Speaker is required tobe impartial;he or she cannot debate or,as a general rule,vote on ameasure,and it it his or her duty to see that all points of views havea fair hearing.

63. Muckrakers
At the turn of the 20th century,there emerged a group of reform-mindedjournalists,who made investigations and exposed various dark sides ofthe seemingly prosperous society.President Theodore Roosevelt calledthem Muckrakers.

64. The stock market crash of 1929
On October 24,1929,the New York stock market crashed.It was calledBlack Thursday,because it was the beginning of a long  economicdepression.the Great Depression had far-reaching consequences.It sweptthrough the globe quickly.The rate of unemployment increased rapidly.Agreat deal of companies and businesses closed and went into bankruptcy.American economy didn't recover untill the New Deal was put forward.